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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-GB link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Craig, and colleagues,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>I also very strongly back this idea. These names ate in fact reported in written texts, if that is the criterion for acceptance, as they appear on maps and official documents of all ages, almost invariably dated, and hence provide dated evidence of sociolinguistic change.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>A list of such words/elements would thus be invaluable as a source of otherwise missing lexicon, and as a resource for research into linguistic change.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>A working list might be a good start on this, Craig, and I would most enthusiastically urge you to undertake it. I for one would be up for collaboration on its use in linguistic landscape, and glottochronology research.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Some while ago I was searching for another word for ‘ridge’. I knew I had come across one somewhere. ‘Mujoven’ here fills that gap.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><ul style='margin-top:0cm' type=disc><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>An ken Ken<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US> Spellyans <spellyans-bounces@kernowek.net> <b>On Behalf Of </b>Craig Weatherhill<br><b>Sent:</b> 14 February 2020 14:06<br><b>To:</b> Standard Cornish discussion list <spellyans@kernowek.net><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Spellyans] "Tribe"<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>As I’ve always said, Dan, when looking the corpus of Cornish, never forget place-name evidence. There are numerous words in those that do not appear in what texts remain to us. Therefore, in my view, they should be regarded as textual evidence.<o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Do words like <kevammok>, “fight, battle”, <kevar>, “joint tillage>, <mujoven>, “ridge” appear in textual work? I don’t think they do, but here they are in our place-names and field-names. I can produce a whole list of them if required.<o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Craig<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal>On 2020 Hwe 13, at 09:24, Daniel Prohaska <<a href="mailto:daniel@ryan-prohaska.com">daniel@ryan-prohaska.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Craig, <o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Thanks for another one of your gems… <o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal>On 12.02.2020, at 21:40, Craig Weatherhill <<a href="mailto:craig@agantavas.org">craig@agantavas.org</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Constantia",serif'>In ‘Desky Kernowek’, Nicholas cites two words to translate “tribe”: Nance’s <<b>lyth</b>> (< OC <<b>leid</b>>), and <<b>tryb</b>> (Tregear’s <<b>trib</b>>), but there is a third noun that we could readily use in revived Cornish.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></blockquote><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Yes, the OC has ‹leid›, which Ken George and José Calvete have both emended to *loid, which would tie into Welsh ‹llwyth› and Old Irish ‹lucht›, as well as Gaulish ‹luxtos›. Perhaps assuming this emendation from ei to *oi is, though possible, not necessary as we have Middle Breton ‹leiz› (Modern Breton ‹leizh›), so a Cornish *leyth is conceivable. The ei > *oi theory may be supported by another word in the OC ‹luid› “procinctus/furdlingc” meaning “battle-aray”, though this invites questioning. <o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Constantia",serif'>This word is <<b>cordh</b>> (commonly reducing to <<b>cor’</b>>), pl. <<b>corthow</b>>, gender unclear.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div></blockquote><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>This word is usually given as masculine in the Cornish dictionaries, but Welsh ‹cordd› is feminine. <o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Constantia",serif'>It occurs in two Cornish place-names: Trigg (pagus Tricurius C7; Trigorscire c.881), the Hundred or Keverang of North Cornwall; and Langorthou 1310, the site of Fowey church. It also occurs in Brittany as Trégor, evidently and like Kernev and Domnonèe, a cross-channel transference.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Constantia",serif'><<b>cordh, cor’</b>> also forms part of OC <<b>coscor</b>>, “family, retinue” (place-name: Bownds an Coscar, Towednack 1672); and MC <<b>corlan</b>>, “cemetery” (Welsh: <<b>corddlan</b>>). Translating as “clan, tribe, family, army”, <<b>cordh</b>> has cognates in Welsh <<b>cordd</b>>, Old Breton <<b>cor</b>> and early Irish <<b>cuire</b>>, “host, troop”.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Constantia",serif'>In the name Trigg, this indicates a Hundred or Keverang that could muster three war-hosts and interestingly enough, this component of Cornwall’s original six Hundreds was later divided into three (Trigg, Lesnewth and Stratton). Indeed <<b>keverang</b>> itself has cognates in Welsh (<<b>cyfrang</b>>, “meeting, encounter, battle”) and Middle Breton (<<b>cuuranc</b>> “military assembly”). In Roman Gaul, we also find the Tricorii and the Petrucorii.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Constantia",serif'>It’s also interesting that in these names <<b>try, tri</b>> does not cause 3rd state mutation, but 2nd state. Furthermore, where it occurs in the hill name Dry Carn (Tricarn 1300), “three (Bronze Age) cairns”, it causes no mutation at all in 6 surviving attestations spanning as many centuries.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Constantia",serif'>I see no reason why <<b>cordh, cor’</b>>, pl. <<b>cordhow</b>> “tribe, clan, war-host” cannot be accepted into revived Cornish.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Constantia",serif'>Craig</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></blockquote><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>There are more words that have been used for “tribe” is Cornish: <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>‹ehen› “sort; variety; kind; class; manner; genus; clan; tribe; species; family; kindred; kin; category; genre; strain; type.”<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>‹gwely› “bed; layer; stratum; tribe; family; afterbirth; placenta.”<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>‹kenedhel› “(<i>age-group of family</i>) generation; clan; tribe; kindred; kinsfolk; nation; (<i>kind</i>) race.” <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>‹kiwses› “(<i>political</i>) state; nation; people; community; tribe; citizens.” (analogous to Welsh ‹ciwdod› < Latin ‹civitate(m)›). <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>‹cor(dh)› and ‹leyth› which you already mentioned. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>‹pobel› “people; folk; race; public; populace; nation; tribe; crowd; inhabitants.” <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>‹trib› “tribe; nation; genus.”<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>‹tüs› “men; people; persons; folk; humans; human beings; guys; mortals; personages; populace; tribe; family; relatives; nation; wights.” <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Dan<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal>_______________________________________________<br>Spellyans mailing list<br><a href="mailto:Spellyans@kernowek.net">Spellyans@kernowek.net</a><br><a href="http://kernowek.net/mailman/listinfo/spellyans_kernowek.net">http://kernowek.net/mailman/listinfo/spellyans_kernowek.net</a><o:p></o:p></p></div></blockquote></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><hr size=2 width="100%" align=center></div><p class=MsoNormal>This email has been scanned by Netintelligence<br><a href="http://www.netintelligence.com/email">http://www.netintelligence.com/email</a><o:p></o:p></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><hr size=2 width="100%" align=center></div></div></body></html>